Transport

EV charging

The public charge points that refuel electric vehicles, owned and run by a charge-point operator (CPO). Not a regulated network but a utilisation business: the chargers cost the same to run whether busy or idle, so profitability turns almost entirely on how heavily they are used and the margin earned per kilowatt-hour. Pick a real operator below and work through its sites, its economics and a live returns model.

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In focus · —
Example

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Drag the sliders to see what earns the money: the number of chargers, the margin per kilowatt-hour, and above all the utilisation. At low utilisation the fixed costs swamp the margin and the site loses money.

300 CP
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Chargers
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Energy delivered
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Gross profit
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after wholesale power
EBITDA p.a.
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What it is & how it works

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How it earns

Model A · the utilisation flywheel

Utilisation is (almost) everything

An EV charging business owns charge points and resells electricity to drivers at a margin. The catch is that almost all of a charger's cost (the grid connection, site rent, network and maintenance) is fixed: it is incurred whether the charger sits idle or runs all day. So profitability is a utilisation flywheel. At low utilisation the fixed cost per charger swamps the thin energy margin and the site loses money; as utilisation climbs, the same cost base spreads over far more kilowatt-hours and the margin turns sharply positive. The two levers are therefore utilisation (how busy the chargers are) and the margin per kWh (retail price minus wholesale power). It is a growth/ramp asset, often part-funded by public subsidy, that re-rates as EV adoption fills the chargers.

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What it costs, and how it's financed

Revenue → operating costs → EBITDAMargin —

The capital · charger + grid, net of subsidy
Who funds the buildallocation

    History & framework · key milestones
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      Cash flows & returns

      Build & subsidy

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      Revenue regime & tax

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      Financing & hold

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      Unlevered IRR
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      asset / project return
      Levered IRR
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      return to equity
      Equity multiple
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      MOIC over hold
      Payback
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      project, undiscounted
      Cash-flow profile, equity■ invested   ■ returned
      Show the year-by-year schedule
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      What drives the return

        See also the EV charging sim and the Cash-flow & DCF model.